Fluorinated gas equipment. General Physical Phenomena - Legislative Framework.

General Physical Phenomena - Legislative Framework.

Fluorinated gas equipment

1 - Introduction. Among the objectives of the modern didactics addressed to students of scientific disciplines, the need to translate laws and principles into numbers is a necessity that, in order to be put into practice, it requires the definition of theoretical models that are faced with numerical problems related to the interpretation of possible physical results as the initial conditions of the problem change, values such as pressure, mass, temperature, environmental conditions, energies in play, movement, forces. Fundamental chemistry is one of the disciplines that targets the above goals by studying the composition, structure and transformations of matter and the energetic implications that accompany the transformations themselves. Chemistry obtained the rank of sciences only when its scientific conclusions derived, through logical reasoning, by systematic controlled measures that can be reproduced on natural or caused phenomena related to the behavior of the matter and these measures were expressed in numbers. Systematic observations could lead to the discovery of patterns of regular behaviors that could in themselves be described by laws and explained by models or theories. The first significant studies conducted in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to the formulation of laws that describe the chemical behavior of matter: the law of mass conservation of the mass (Lavoisier, 1785), the law of the defined proportions (Proust, 1799) multiple (Dalton, 1805), volume combination law (Gay-Lussac, 1808).

Lavoisier's law also known as the mass conservation law states that in the course of a chemical reaction the sum of reagent masses is equal to the sum of the masses of the products. In other words, in a chemical reaction, matter is not created and is not destroyed.

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (Paris, August 26, 1743 - Paris, May 8, 1794) was a French chemist, biologist, philosopher and economist. Lavoisier was one of the most important characters in the history of science: he enunciated the first version of the mass conservation law (the sum of weights of the starting substances or reagents must be equal to the sum of the weights of the substances that are obtained or produced), he acknowledged and baptized oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783), refuted the theory of flogistry and helped reform the chemical nomenclature. is universally recognized as the "father of chemistry". was also the first to discover the close relationship between combustion and lung respiration by highlighting the role played by the air in both processes. Lavoisier was also, being a noble birth, a powerful member of several aristocratic councils, including the French Philomatic Society. His political and economic activities allowed him to fund his scientific research. Because of his role as a tax officer, however, he was involved with the monarchy deployed by the French Revolution, which cost him his life: Lavoisier was accused of treason, condemned to death and guillotined in 1794.

Law of Proportions (also known as Proust's Law) which affirms: in a chemical compound the elements constituting it are always present in constant and defined mass ratios.

Joseph Louis Proust (Angers, September 26, 1754 - Angers, July 5, 1826) was a French chemist who became famous for his law of definite and constant proportions. Son of a Spice Seller, in 1775 he was appointed pharmacist at the Salpêtriêre Hospital in Paris. He was a friend of Professor Jacques Charles who involved him in his experiments with the balloons and in 1784 he made a flying on the Marie-Antoinette "hot-air balloon". He then moved to Segovia where he taught chemistry, thanks to an agreement between King Louis XVI of France and Charles III of Spain. He returned to France in 1806 for family affairs but could no longer leave the country for reasons related to Napoleon Bonaparte's intervention in Spain's affairs. After returning to France he devoted himself to the study of foods by discovering leucine, one of the basic amino acids that enters into the constitution of proteins. He became a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1816. He is considered one of the precursors of atomic theory.

John Dalton applied the law of Proust's definite proportions in 1808 to enunciate the law of multiple proportions according to which: when two elements combine together to form compounds, a certain amount of an element is combined with multiple quantities of the other which are among them as small and whole numbers.

John Dalton was born in Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, in Cumberland. He was a student of his father (who was the weaver) and John Fletcher, a quaker who ran a private school in a neighboring village. It is said that at the age of twelve he himself taught at a private school in Kendall. "The Quakers (the name known to the Society of Friends) are the faithful to a Christian movement born in the seventeenth century in England belonging to Puritan Calvinism, which focuses on the priesthood of believers." Later, in 1793, he moved to Manchester where he spent his entire life teaching physics and math and researcher at New College. Fascinated by meteorology, he was interested in the properties of the gases; published the results of his studies in 1803. Its research has been on weather and rain development that was initially considered to be the product of a change in air pressure, while Dalton highlighted the relationship between it and the temperature change. John Dalton was affection by from the homonymous. His eyes were removed and stored for study purposes after his death. Dalton realized he was suffering from this illness only when, having to attend a Quaker meeting, he had bought a pair of red-colored stockings, believing that they were instead of a more sober brown color. Accustomed to the problem, he undertook a systematic study of his visual defect, reaching in 1794 his first rigorous scientific description. Dalton was a member of the Royal Society of London, the greatest British cultural society of the time.

The law of combination volumes, or law of the combination of Gay-Lussac, made by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1808, states that when two gaseous substances combine to produce a new gas substance, volumes of the produced substances, they stay among them according to expressive relationships with integers, rational and simple numbers.

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (Saint-Leonard-de-Noblat, December 6, 1778 - Paris, May 10, 1850) was a French physicist and chemist, known primarily for gas laws bearing his name (First Law of Gay- Lussac and Second Law of Gay-Lussac). An important French scientist studied between 1798 and 1800 at the Paris Polytechnique, where he began his career as a professor of physics and chemistry. In 1804 he conducted several experiments on the chemical composition of the Earth's atmosphere and on the variations in the Earth's magnetic field using some hydrogen filled balloons. He covered the quantitative study of gas properties. He conducted important gas experiments to study their behavior on temperature variations a constant pressur.

2 - Physical phenomena of general character, Universal phenomena. Through chemistry forces that are generated in a pressurized gas can be identified in the dipolar interaction model of particles according to which the molecules are schematized as dipoles positioned so as to form an electrostatic attractive force defined as Van der Waals force in which below the distance r0 predominate repulsive forces between dipoles. From a purely physical point of view, it would be possible to resort to the elastic force between the molecules (hereinafter referred to as particles) when, for example, air is compressed by a centrifugal compressor (which utilizes the rotational kinetic energy of the rotor posts to compress the air into a pressure vessel). Compressed particles in contact (liquid air) react with a repulsive elastic force that determines the pressure of the fluid accumulated in the pressure vessel.

The phenomenon that determines the transformation of the body is the variation in density, variation in the weight of the single particle, variation of the attraction force between the individual particles (increase). The basic principle is the weight gain of individual particles due to the heat supplied by heat; all the particles have a variable attraction force with the same weight, from the air where the force of attraction is not enough to tie the individual particles, the iron arrives where the attraction between the particles reaches the maximum possible values in solid state. The increase in temperature in all bodies tends to cause the mutual movement of individual particles until the material is fused and then liquid from solid. By extrapolating physical reasoning: it is possible to imagine the sun as a large body of melted iron in the liquid state, where the particles due to temperature are in reciprocal orderly arrangement being however tied to the nucleus, generating sun rotation. The obvious question in the extrapolation of the phenomenon: the of heat spring of the sun? The obvious answer: the same sun considering that the density increase of a shape increases the temperature of existence of the same. When the density of a corpus reaches values in the order of the sun's density it assumes sufficient temperature values to cause its fusion (obviously the sun has existed and will always exist at the present state). The phenomenon is not complete because changing the size of a body does not vary the density. It is also known that iron provides attraction properties, with other metal shape, which varies with the size increase as long as we imagine a large iron shape as the sun obviously imagines an attraction capable of varying the distance between the individual particles of the same body to reach very high density levels, it is as if the particles due to the enormous attraction force join together to form newer heavier particles, dynamic that is repeated for all the particles is that it amplifies because the new particles will attract with greater force being of greater weight; obvious result: high density increase causing the melting temperature. To have an idea of the dimensions in the game we imagine looking at an island from space, Cuba, visibly big as a pixel, a dusty powder, yet from the ground we would not see the sea. The rotational motion of the sun is a consequence of temperature, as in the case of a gas where the forces in play are very small is with a slight increase in temperature causing movement of the same. Rotational motion (therefore ordered) is the consequence of the bond between the individual particles of the sun, even in the liquid state, which binds them to an ordered rotation (1°). In the case of a planet's nucleus, the dimensions are not enough as for the sun to reach thermal fusion and rotation conditions: the formation of the planet's crust, the earth's crust in the planet earth's case, in the cooling phase of the planet has caused a conservation of the thermal conditions derived from the sun as in a furnace.

(1°) Note. If the order were disturbed, an expulsion of sunshine could occur in the surrounding space event that certainly occurred in creating the universe of the solar system where the perturbations of the motorcycle ordered in some part of the sun's volume caused the expulsion of a mass of the nucleus responsible for the next generation of planets, including the planet earth. The causes of disturbance are to be found in excessive densities (in excess) in some sub-volumes of the sun that for an infinite time could exist because they are distant from each other; in some time it happens that some or all of the sub-volumes have been at a distance of interaction causing as a whole a sub-volume of greater density and size beyond the limit within which it can exist in the sun (remain bound in the liquid) and then expelled a bit 'as is the case with the thrust of bodies immersed in a fluid. The interaction of the sub-volumes of greater density (the weight of the individual particles than the weight of the particles of the remaining nucleus) triggers an amount of motion of the same that is added to the orderly motion, somewhat as at the liquidity limit of the liquid phase towards the change of state, "steam"; the result is an increase in volume such that the thrust outward (the thrust that a body immersed in a fluid receives: the thrust of "Archimedes") exceeds the bonding forces of the volume with the surrounding nucleus, the phenomenon that causes the expulsion . Separation of the volume at a greater density than the current planets of the solar system begins in the expulsion phase for the same reason that the entire under volume is expelled from the sun, according to a dimensional scale, that of the planets, a phenomenon due to the continuous variation of the density of the ejected volume or reduction due to the separation in succession of volumes that form the planets of the solar system. The liquid state limit in which the volume ejected from the sun is found is due to not ordered motion within it that without the core of the surrounding sun causes the subdivision of under volumes (the planets). Immediately outside the sun the entire mass, not stable liquid, assumes a sub-volume configuration of the same dimensions. The size of the under-volumes varies with the size of the whole core mass for subsequent separation into planets. If it increased, it would increase internal instability, individual particles would have more weight, the mass would have higher density, higher temperature, the separation would occur in underdimensions of ever smaller size with increasing density. On the contrary, with of decreasing the mass, hence the weight of the individual particles, the density of the core of the sun expelled and its relative temperature, the separation takes place in under-volume of increasing size; a phenomenon that causes the mass separation in the planets of the solar system with variable mass and growing from the farthest planet. The separation is repeated until reaching the maximum volume in which the sun mass can exist in the stable liquid state, the planet closest to the sun, larger than other planets of the solar system. It should be considered that the separation takes place at a time when the variation in temperature and therefore the density of the mass caused by the distancing from the sun is less than the reduction that causes the mass separation in the planets of the system. (It should be remembered that the volume of sun-expelled nucleus has the minimum volume limit beyond which the archimede's thrust exceeds the cohesion force with the surrounding nucleus).

The physical principles described, although apparently deviating from the object of the research, will be suitable to understand the increase in pressure caused by the rise in temperature that is generated within a pressure vessel containing liquid gas compressed in quiet conditions. The increase in temperature, even if it tends to move the fluid particles (in this case it could be in a situation of instability and danger of explosion), causes a gas pressure increase because it intervenes in the mechanical properties of the single particle. The physical phenomenon affecting the increase in pressure caused by the increase in energy due to heat transmission is the weight gain of individual particles, which while causing an increase in mutual attractiveness is not enough to tie the individual particles (outside the containing would return to the gaseous state) is enough to cause the elastic constant of the particles to increase (variation in mechanical properties). In line with the initial description of the phenomenon related to the increase in pressure caused by elevating the temperature in a compressed gas in the liquid state in a pressure vessel, the increase in the elastic constant increases the elastic repulsive force between the compressed gas particles. In the case of a gas contained in an uncompressed vessel, the increase in temperature would cause a pressure increase (for much lower values than a compressed gas) due to the increase in motion of the single particles that strike each other and with the walls of the container causing the pressure increase.

The working conditions of pressure vessels and pressure-working equipment are important and determine safety coefficients in the design as in the case of publication 2017-18, 04. Operating temperature, motion conditions (eg containers under pressure installed on the compressed gas transport trucks) can vary considerably the thickness of the walls and the bottom of the pressure vessels so that they are safe under operating conditions.

3 - Safety of Applied Gas Pressure Equipment - EC Regulation 842/2006. Equipment that operates under pressure gases such as an air treatment system, poor maintenance and poor controls can cause leakage of refrigerant gas, which, if of an incendiary type, becomes obviously dangerous because can even cause explosions. Other malicious events that can cause the losses of equipment running under pressure gas are due to the pollution that some types of gas can cause to the surrounding environment because they are harmful. The Sixth Community Environment Action Program has identified a priority in climate change in climate change. It recognizes that the Community is committed to achieving a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 8% compared to 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012 and that in the long term it will be necessary to reduce total gas greenhouse effect of about 70% compared to 1990. On May 17, 2006, the European Commission adopts EC Regulation 842/2006 with the aim of containing, preventing and therefore reducing the emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol. The Regulation applies to fluorinated greenhouse gases listed in Annex A to the said Protocol. Annex I to this Regulation contains a list of the fluorinated greenhouse gases currently covered by this Regulation, together with their respective global warming potential. In the light of the revisions provided for in Article 5 paragraph 3 of the Kyoto Protocol (2°) and accepted by the Community and the Member States, Annex I may be revised and, where necessary, subsequently updated. The global warming potential (GWP) contributes to the greenhouse effect of a greenhouse gas relative to the CO2 effect, with a reference potential of 1 (3°). This Regulation concerns the containment, use, recovery and destruction of greenhouse gases listed in Annex I, the labeling and disposal of products and equipment containing such gases, the communication of information on such gases, the control of the uses of sulfur hexafluoride as referred to in Article 8 (in quantities not exceeding 850 kg per year in magnesium die casting and the 2007 tire filling ban) and prohibitions on the marketing of products and equipment referred to in Article 9 and Annex II (Marketing of products and equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases or whose functioning depends on such gases, listed in Annex II, made on dates following entry into force of Regulation 842/2006 / EC), as well as the training and certification of staff and companies involved in the activities covered by this Regulation.

(2°) NOTE: The Kyoto Protocol is an international environmental treaty on global warming, drawn up on 11 December 1997 in the Japanese city of Kyoto from more than 180 countries at the "COP3" Conference of the Framework Convention of the United Nations on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The treaty entered into force on 16 February 2005, after ratification by Russia. In May 2013, the states that have acceded to and ratified the protocol are 192.

(3°) NOTE: "Global warming potential" means the potential for climatic warming of a fluorinated greenhouse gas with respect to carbon dioxide. Global Warming Potential (GWP) is calculated on the basis of the 100-year-old kilowatt-hour heating potential over one kilogram of CO2. The GWP data listed in Annex I are those published in the Third Assessment Report (TAR) adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2001 IPCC GWP Values) Third IPCC Assessment Report on Climate Change 2001.

Article 2 paragraph 6 of EC Regulation 842/2006 defines the technical operator as a natural or legal person who exercises effective control over the technical operation of the equipment and installations covered by this Regulation; a Member State may, in specific and well-defined circumstances, consider the owner responsible for the obligations of the technical operator. The same Article 3 Regulation states that operators for the following fixed applications: refrigeration, air conditioning, mobile heat pumps, including circuits and fire protection systems containing greenhouse gases with greenhouse gases listed in Annex I , take all feasible technical measures and do not involve disproportionate costs for: (a) preventing leakage of such gases; and (b) repair as soon as possible the losses detected. It also stipulates that operators for the same applications (whose operation is based on the use of fluorinated gases) shall ensure that they are checked for leakage by certified personnel meeting the requirements of Article 5 of Regulation EC 842 / 2006 (4°), with the frequency indicated in Article 3 of Regulation 842/2006, paragraphs 2-5 and below.Paragraph 6 of Article 3 stipulates that operators for fixed applications above (referred to in paragraph 1 of Article 3) containing 3 kilograms or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases shall keep a register containing the quantity and type of installed greenhouse fluorinated gases, any quantities added and recovered during maintenance, repair and final disposal operations. They shall must also keep a record of other relevant information, including the identification of the company or maintenance technician or repairer, as well as the dates and results of the checks carried out pursuant to paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of Article 3 and Relevant information that specifically identifies fixed equipment containing more than 3 Kg of gas and less than 30 Kg separate of the applications referred to in paragraph 2 (b) and (c), equipment containing more than 30 Kg of gas or more than 300 Kg Fluorinated gas: operators must ensure that certified personnel carry out controls for applications containing more than 3 kg of fluorinated gases once a year by certified technical staff (4°), if they contain more than 30 Kg of fluorinated gases, 6 months, for 300 Kg checks must be performed every 3 months. Upon request, these registers shall be made available to the competent authority and the Commission. For applications containing 300 kilograms or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases, leak detection systems must be installed and must be checked at least once a year to ensure their proper operation. In the case of fire protection systems installed prior to 4 July 2007, leak detection systems must be installed by 4 July 2010. Where a properly functioning leak detection system exists, the frequency of the controls for applications containing more than 30 Kg of fluorinated gas can be halved. In case of repairs, checks must be made within one month of repair to identify any leaks. In the case of fire protection systems, if an inspection system has already been applied to comply with ISO 14520, these inspections may also meet the requirements of this Regulation, provided that they are at least as frequent. For leak detection checks, EC Regulation 842/2006 means that equipment or installations are examined to detect leakage through direct or indirect measurement methods, focusing on parts of the equipment or plant where it is most likely that check for leaks. Direct or indirect measurement methods to check for any leakage must be specified in the standard inspection requirements defined by Regulation No 1516/2007 of 19 December 2007 (for stationary refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps) and with Regulation No 1497/2007 of 18 December 2007 for fire-fighting systems, regulations contained in paragraph 4 of this publication.

(4°) NOTE: By 4 July 2007, on the basis of information received from Member States and consulted with the sectors concerned, the minimum requirements and conditions for mutual recognition in respect of training and certification programs are set for both companies both for personnel involved in the installation, maintenance or repair of refrigeration, air conditioning, mobile heat pumps and circuits, as well as fire protection systems, which contain fluorinated greenhouse gases listed in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 as well as for staff involved in carrying out the activities referred to in Articles 3 and 4. By the same date, the minimum requirements and conditions for mutual recognition shall be laid down in respect of training and certification for both companies and staff involved in the installation, maintenance or repair of the equipment and systems indicated for the personnel involved in the installation, repair, maintenance, and gas recovery activities. By 4 July 2009, Member States shall ensure that the companies involved in the implementation of the activities concerned deliver fluorinated greenhouse gases only if their staff member is in possession of the certificates. The operator of the relevant application shall ensure that the personnel concerned have obtained the necessary certification, which entails an appropriate knowledge of the applicable regulations and standards, and which also has the necessary competence in the field of emission prevention and the recovery of fluorinated gases greenhouse effect and safe handling of the type and size of the equipment in question.

Article 4 stipulates that operators of the fixed equipment types,indicated in subsequent lines, are responsible for arranging the correct recovery of the fluorinated greenhouse gases by certified personnel meeting the requirements of Article 5 (4° above), in order to ensure its recycling, regeneration or destruction: (a) cooling circuits of refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps; (b) equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gas-based solvents; (c) fire protection and fire extinguishers; and d) high voltage switches.

For air conditioning systems whose fluoride gas quantity does not exceed 3 Kg there is only a moral obligation the safety and therefore require checks to check for any losses to certified personnel at frequencies that do not involve disproportionate costs (there is no of law obligation for the control); it is to be considered that with under 3 kg the equipment is considered to be less risk to safety. In the case of multiple air handling equipment in the same environment, the total quantity of fluorinated gas must be obtained from the sum of the gases contained in the individual equipment, with adequate increase in the case of pipes of not negligible length. Among the most commonly used gas for this type of equipment is the refrigerant fluoride gas R407c contained in the table in Annex I to Regulation 842/2006 with the chemical formula CH2F2 in HFC-32 mixed with other HFC-125 gas with the formula chemistry C2HF5 and HFC-134 ° with chemical formula CH2FCF3 (also referred to as R32, R125, R134a). Paragraph 5 of this publication with reference to the legislative update of Regulation 842/2006 sets out the new minimum limit for the amount of refrigerant gas (fluoride) beyond which the Member States are obliged to impose the control requirements for the equipment. The new limit is 2.8 Kg. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) Calculation Method for a Preparation (Mixture of Fluorinated Gases) is a weighted average obtained from the sum of the weight fractions of each substance multiplied for the respective GWP. The result obtained (GWP) refers to a Kg of the gas mixture (prepared) and thus allows to obtain the total GWP, multiplying the total weight of the gas prepared for the weighted average GWP.

Article 7 of Regulation 842/2006 / EC provides that products and equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases shall only be placed on the market if the chemical names of the fluorinated greenhouse gases are identified by a label conforming to the nomenclature accepted by the 'industry; the provisions of the previous Directives 67/548 / EEC and 1999/45 / EC on the labeling of dangerous substances and preparations remain unchanged. This label clearly indicates that the product or equipment contains greenhouse gases with fluorinated greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol and its quantities, and this is clearly and indelibly marked on the product or equipment near the access points for charging or the recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases, or the part of the product or equipment in which such gases are contained. The hermetically sealed systems are labeled as such. Information on fluorinated greenhouse gases, including their global warming potential, is included in the instruction manuals provided for these products and equipment. The above label must be applied to the following types of products and equipment: (a) refrigeration products and refrigerating equipment containing perfluorocarbons or preparations containing perfluorocarbons; (b) refrigeration and conditioning products and equipment (other than those in motor vehicles), heat pumps, fire protection systems, fire extinguishers, where the respective type of equipment or product contains hydrofluorocarbons or preparations containing hydrofluorocarbons; c) exchangers containing sulfur hexafluoride or preparations containing sulfur hexafluoride; and (d) all containers for fluorinated greenhouse gases.

4 - Legislative References Labeling, Requirements, Standard, Air Conditioning and Motor Vehicles, Criminal Protection of the Environment. By Regulation 1494/2007 / EC in accordance with Article 7 (3) of Regulation (EC) No. 842/2006 the opportunity to include additional relevant environmental protection information in the product and equipment labels referred to in Article 7 (2) of that Regulation was assessed. For clarity reasons, the exact formulation of the information to be indicated on the labels should be laid down. Member States must be able to decide on the use of their language on the labels. The additional label shall contain information indicating whether the refrigeration and air-conditioning products and equipment and the heat pumps falling within the scope of this Regulation have been insulated with flammable foam with fluorinated greenhouse gases. They fall within the scope of this Regulation: (a) refrigeration products and equipment containing perfluorocarbons or preparations containing perfluorocarbons; (b) refrigeration and conditioning products and equipment (other than those in motor vehicles), heat pumps, fire protection systems, fire extinguishers, where the respective type of equipment or product contains hydrofluorocarbons or preparations containing hydrofluorocarbons; c) exchangers containing sulfur hexafluoride or preparations containing sulfur hexafluoride; and (d) all containers for fluorinated greenhouse gases. Where the fluorinated greenhouse gases are added to the product or equipment outside the manufacturing plants, the label must indicate the total quantity of greenhouse gases present in the product or equipment. The label must be clearly legible and visible to installation and maintenance technicians.

Regulation (EC) No 303/2008 of 2 April 2008 lays down, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, the minimum requirements and the conditions for mutual recognition of undertakings and personnel certification in respect of fixed refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumps. The Regulation is subsequently repealed by the new EU Regulation 2015/2067 which will include obligations relating to the certification of undertakings and natural persons by intervention, as well as the equipment included in Regulation 842/2006 / EC, also on refrigerator trucks and refrigerated trailers. It will define obligations to update the minimum requirements and the scope of activities envisaged, as well as the skills and knowledge regarding the replacement of lower-level fluorinated gases and manipulation of equipment for such purposes, will define the obligation to specify the modalities certification and the conditions for mutual recognition of certification between Member States. The updating of Regulation 303/2008 is caused by the abrogation of EC Regulation 842/2006, which will be replaced by the new EU 517/2014 Regulation studied in paragraph 5 of this publication in the variations of the regulations of interest for this.

Regulation (EC) No 304/2008 of 2 April 2008 lays down, in accordance with Regulation (EC) 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, minimum requirements and conditions for the mutual recognition of certification by undertakings and personnel in respect of fixed fire protection installations and fire extinguishers containing certain fluorinated greenhouse gases. Regulation (EC) No 305/2008 of 2 April 2008 lays down the minimum requirements and conditions for mutual recognition of the certification of personnel recuperating certain fluorinated greenhouse gases from high voltage switches. Regulation (EC) No 306/2008 of 2 April 2008 lays down the minimum requirements and conditions for the mutual recognition of certification of personnel recuperating certain fluorinated greenhouse gas-based solvents from equipment. Regulation No 307/2008 of 2 April 2008 lays down the minimum training requirements and the conditions for the mutual recognition of staff training certificates in respect of air conditioning systems in certain motor vehicles containing certain fluorinated greenhouse gases. Regulation (EC) No 308/2008 of 2 April 2008 laying down the format for notifying training and certification programs to be notified by the Member States to the European Commission in order to facilitate the application of paragraph 2 of Article 5 of Regulation 842/2006 / EC on the recognition by Member States of certificates issued to technical staff in any Member State by refusing to restrict freedom to provide services and freedom of establishment for reasons connected with the issue of certificates in another Member State.

Regulation (EC) No 1493/2007 of 17 December 2007 lays down, pursuant to Regulation (EC) Regulation No 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Article 6, the format of the report to be submitted by the producers, importers and exporters of certain fluorinated greenhouse gases which are obliged to communicate through a report to the Commission, 'Competent authority of the Member State concerned previous year's information on the quantity of fluorinated greenhouse gases produced, main categories of intended applications (refrigeration, air conditioning, foams, aerosols, electrical equipment, semiconductor production, solvents and fire protection) , it communicates the quantity of the same gases placed on the market in the Community, the quantities of each recycled, regenerated or destroyed greenhouse gas fluoride. The same for importers and exporters from a Member State importing or exporting more than one tonne per year of fluorinated greenhouse gases.

Regulation (EC) No 1497/2007 of 18 December 2007 lays down, in accordance with Regulation (EC) 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, the standard requirements for the control of losses for fixed fire protection systems containing certain fluorinated greenhouse gases. In fire-fighting systems composed of several interconnected containers installed in response to a specific fire risk in a defined space, the charge of fluorinated greenhouse gases shall be calculated on the basis of the total charge of the containers in such a way as to ensure that the frequency of controls corresponds to the actual charge of the fluorinated greenhouse gases existing throughout the plant. In accordance with Regulation (EC) No. Article 3 (6) (defining the system registry in the possession of the person or legal entity as a technical operator), the register of the fire protection system must contain certain information, in particular the operator indicates its own name, 'postal address and telephone number, the fluorescent greenhouse gas charge must be indicated in the register. When the fluorinated greenhouse gas charge for a fire protection system is not specified in the manufacturer's specifications or on the system label, the operator ensures that it is determined by certified personnel. Certified personnel, when conducting verification checks, focuses on parts where leaks have been identified and repaired, as well as adjacent parts in cases where pressure has been pressed during repair, visual inspection of the control devices, Containers, Components and Connections under pressure to detect damage and signs of leakage, any presumption of leakage of fluorinated greenhouse gases from the fire protection system is verified by certified personnel. A loss presumption is one or more of the following: a) A fixed loss detection system indicates a loss; (b) a container indicates a pressure loss, adjusted by temperature, of more than 10%; (c) a container indicates a loss of the extinguishing agent by more than 5%; d) Other signs indicate a loss of charge. Pressure gauges and weight monitoring devices are checked once every 12 months to ensure their proper operation. In the event of a presumption of loss, a check must be made to locate the leak and repair it, and the new installation systems are checked immediately after they have been commissioned to check for leaks.

Regulation EC No 1516-2007 of 19 December 2007 lays down, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, the standard requirements for leakage monitoring for fixed refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps containing certain fluorinated greenhouse gases. The Regulation lays down, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 842/2006, the standard leakage control requirements for fixed refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pumps containing 3 kilograms or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases. This Regulation shall not apply to equipment with hermetically sealed systems labeled as such and containing less than 6 kg of fluorinated greenhouse gases or equipment containing less than 3 Kg of fluorinated gas. Fluorinated greenhouse gas charge information should be included in the equipment register. When the fluorinated greenhouse gas charge is not known, the operator of the equipment concerned must ensure that the charge is determined by certified personnel in order to facilitate leakage control, as well as certified personnel before carrying out leak checks Identifies any previous issues on the log. The staff systematically checks 1) joints; 2) valves, including ducts; 3) sealing joints, including sealing joints on dryers and replaceable filters; 4) parts of the system subject to vibration; 5) connections to safety or operation devices. Methods for measurement that are always applicable are defined by direct regulations and concern the control of circuits that present risk of leakage through adequate detectors, leak detection can be carried out with ultraviolet (UV) fluids or a suitable colorant in the circuit. Use foamy solutions in the water to be positioned outside the circuits and components at risk of leakage. Detection devices should be monitored every 12 months and must have a detection sensitivity of 5 grams per year, so they must be able to detect a loss that would result in a 5 grams emission per year. The application of a UV detection fluid or an appropriate colorant in the refrigeration circuit is carried out only if the equipment manufacturer has approved such detection methods as technically feasible. The method is only applied by certified personnel performing activities that involve intervention on the refrigerant circuit containing fluorinated greenhouse gases. If no leakage is detected, the certified personnel inspect the other parts of the equipment. Oxygen-free pressure tests are performed, with nitrogen, that involve the removal of the fluorinated gases by recovering it from certified personnel to recover the fluorinated greenhouse gases from the specific type of equipment. The checks will focus on any part where leaks have been identified and repaired, as well as adjacent areas where pressure has been under repair (information that must be found in the operator's register). New installation equipment is checked soon after commissioning. The second measurable method of measurement is defined by indirect regulation and is based on the detection of abnormal functioning of the system and on the analysis of the relevant parameters. Indirect measurement methods should be applied in cases where leaks develop very slowly and the equipment is installed in well-ventilated areas, making it difficult to detect leaks from the fluorinated greenhouse gas system, unlike the method of direct measurement are necessary to determine the exact point of the loss. The decision on the measurement method to be used must be carried out by certified personnel with the training and experience necessary to determine the most appropriate measurement method on a case-by-case basis. With the application of the indirect measurement method, certified personnel, before detecting a loss, performs visual and manual inspection of the equipment and analyzes one or more of the following parameters: a) Pressure; b) temperature; c) compressor current; (d) liquid levels; e) Charging volume. Any presumption of loss of fluorinated greenhouse gas is verified by a direct method. The Regulation establishes that loss of one or more of the following situations is presumed: (a) a fixed loss detection system indicates a loss; b) the equipment produces abnormal noises or vibrations, there is ice formation or refrigeration capacity is insufficient; c) signs of corrosion, loss of oil and damage to components or materials in possible leakages; (d) indication of loss from visual specimens or level gauges or other visual aids; (e) signs of damage to safety switches, pressure switches, pressure gauges and sensor connections; (f) deviations from the normal operating conditions indicated by the parameters analyzed, including the reading of real-time electronic systems; g) other signs indicating the leakage of the coolant. Leaks must be repaired by certified personnel (the operator is assured), before servicing the machine, emptying the equipment and recovering the gas. The operator shall ensure that an oxygen-free test or other appropriate pressure and dry gas test is carried out, followed, if necessary by evacuation, recharging and sealing test, that the fluorinated greenhouse gases are, if necessary, recovered from the entire system before the pressure test. The cause of the loss must be identified in order to avoid the repetition of the loss as much as possible.

Directive 2006/40 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on emissions from air conditioning systems for motor vehicles, amending Council Directive 70/156 / EEC (on type approval of vehicles engines and towed trailers objected for future research by the magazine sceintific professional H Research edition). This Directive lays down the requirements for the EC type-approval or national type-approval of vehicles for the emission of air-conditioning systems installed on vehicles and the safe use of such installations. It also lays down the provisions relating to the adaptation and refilling of such installations. It lays down the requirements that air-conditioning systems for motor vehicles must comply with for market entry and prohibit, as from a given date, air conditioning systems containing greenhouse gases with a greenhouse effect with a potential for heating global over 150. From 1 January 2011, air conditioning systems intended to contain greenhouse gases with a global warming potential greater than 150 can not be adapted to vehicles approved from that date onwards. From 1 January 2017 such air conditioning systems can not be adapted to any vehicle. Air conditioning systems installed on vehicles approved on or after 1 January 2011 shall not be filled with fluorinated greenhouse gases with a global warming potential greater than 150. As from 1 January 2017 air conditioning systems, air on all vehicles are not filled with fluorinated greenhouse gases with a global warming potential greater than 150, except for the replenishment of air conditioning systems containing such gases that have been installed on vehicles before that date . Service providers offering services and repairs to air conditioning systems do not, until the end of the necessary repair, fill in a fluorinated greenhouse gas system if abnormal refrigerant leakage is detected.

Directive 2008/99 / EC adopted on 19 November 2008 by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union concerns the criminal protection of the environment. Experience shows that existing sanction systems are not sufficient to ensure full compliance with environmental protection legislation. Such compliance can and should be strengthened by the availability of criminal sanctions, which are identify the of a social rejection of a qualitatively different nature than administrative sanctions or civil law compensation mechanisms. This Directive obliges Member States to impose criminal penalties in their national legislation in connection with serious infringements of the provisions of Community law on the protection of the environment. This Directive does not create any obligations with regard to the application of these sanctions, or other applicable law enforcement systems, in specific cases (in applicazione di leggi specifiche). The European Commission believes that effective environmental protection requires, in particular, more dissuasive sanctions for activities that damage the environment, which generally cause or may cause significant deterioration of air quality, including stratosphere, soil, water, fauna and flora, including conservation of species. Failure to comply with an obligation to act may have the same effects as active behavior and should therefore likewise be subject to appropriate sanctions. Consequently, such conduct should be punishable throughout the territory of the Community if committed intentionally or by gross negligence. Consequently, such conduct should be punishable throughout the territory of the Community if committed intentionally or by gross negligence.

5 - Legislative Updates of Regulation 842/2006 / EC. New EU Regulation 517/2014. The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on 16 April 2014 adopt EU Regulation 517/2014 repealing EC Regulation 842/2006, following the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), of which the Union is party (5°), which states that on the basis of current scientific data, developed countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% compared to 1990 levels by 2050 to limit climate change to an increase in temperature of 2 ° C and thus prevent unwanted effects on the climate.

NOTE (5°): The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC), also known as the Rio Accords, is an international environmental treaty produced by the Conference on the United Nations on Environment and Development (UNCED, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The Treaty aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the basis of 'global warming hypothesis. The treaty, as originally stipulated, did not set mandatory limits for greenhouse gas emissions to individual nations; was therefore legally non-binding in this respect. However, it included the possibility for the signatory parties to adopt additional acts (called "protocols") in specific conferences, which would set mandatory emission limits. The main one, adopted in 1997, is the Kyoto Protocol. The FCCC was opened for ratification on 9 May 1992 and entered into force on March 21, 1994. Its stated goal is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent harmful anthropogenic interference to the climate system.

The Commission's report of 26 September 2011 on the application, effects and adequacy of Regulation (EC) Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council states that the existing containment measures, if fully applied, would reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. These measures should therefore be maintained and clarified on the basis of experience gained in their application. Some measures should be extended to other equipment that use considerable quantities of fluorinated greenhouse gases such as lorries and refrigerated trailers;Article 4 (2) of Regulation 517/2014/EU. The obligation to set up and keep records of equipment containing these gases should be extended to electrical switches; Article 4 (1) of Regulation 517/2014/EU. Given the importance of end-of-life containment measures for products and equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases, Member States should take into account the value of producer liability regimes and encourage them to be established on the basis of best practice recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases and their recycling, regeneration or destruction; (result: Article 9 of Regulation 517/2014/EU). It is considered appropriate for the Commission to intervene on the training of persons engaged in activities involving the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases, training should cover information on technologies that will allow the replacement of greenhouse gases by greenhouse gases and reduce their use. In view of the fact that some alternative greenhouse gases used in products and equipment for replacement and reduction of fluorinated greenhouse gases may be toxic, flammable or highly pressurized, the European Commission should examine existing Union legislation on the formation of natural persons for the safe handling of alternative refrigerants and, where appropriate, submit to the European Parliament and the Council a legislative proposal to amend the relevant Union legislation; (result: Article 10 of Regulation 517/2014/EU). certification or training programs should be set up or adapted in accordance with those laid down in Regulation (EC) No. 842/2006 and integral in professional training systems. Where alternative solutions are available to the use of certain fluorinated greenhouse gases with a higher greenhouse effect, it is appropriate to introduce restrictions on the marketing of new refrigeration and air-conditioning and fire-fighting equipment containing or operating on such substances, in favor of alternative fluorinated gas solutions with less environmental impact. Where alternatives are not available or can not be used for technical or security reasons or where the use of such alternatives involves disproportionate costs, the Commission should be able to authorize a derogation to allow the use and marketing of such products and equipment for a limited period. In the light of future technical developments, the Commission should further evaluate the ban on placing on the market new equipment for medium voltage secondary switchgear and new small monosplit air conditioning systems; (result: Article 11 of Regulation 517/2014/EU). The gradual reduction in the quantities of hydrofluorocarbons that can be placed on the market has been recognized as the most cost-effective way to reduce emissions of such substances in the long run. In order to implement the gradual reduction in the quantities of hydrofluorocarbons which may be marketed in the Union, the Commission should grant individual producers and importers quotas for the placing on the market of hydrofluorocarbons in order not to exceed the total quantitative limit for l placing hydrofluorocarbons on the market. In order to protect the integrity of the gradual reduction in the quantities of hydrofluorocarbs placed on the market in the Union, the hydrofluorocarbons contained in the equipment should be considered within the Union quota system; (result: Article 14 of Regulation 517/2014/EU). If the hydrofluorocarbons contained in the equipment have not been placed on the market before the equipment is loaded, a declaration of conformity should be required to prove that such hydrofluorocarbons are considered within the Union quota system. Initially, the calculation of reference values and the allocation of quotas to individual producers and importers should be based on the quantities of hydrofluorocarbons which reported that they were marketed in the reference period 2009-2012. However, in order not to exclude small businesses, 11% of the total quantitative limit should be reserved for importers and producers who did not market 1 tonne or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases during the reference period. The Commission should periodically recalculate benchmarks and quotas should ensure that businesses are able to continue their business on the basis of the average volumes they have marketed in recent years; (result: Article 15-18 of Regulation 517/2014/EU). The process of manufacturing some fluorinated gases can result in high emissions of other fluorinated greenhouse gases produced as by-products. Destruction or recovery for subsequent use of such by-products emissions should be a condition for marketing fluorinated greenhouse gases. In order to allow for the monitoring of the effectiveness of this Regulation, existing communication obligations should be extended to other fluorinated substances which have a significant global warming potential or could replace greenhouse gases listed in Annex I. Should also be notified, by the same reason, the destruction of fluorinated greenhouse gases and the importation into the Union of such gases if contained in products and equipment. In order to avoid disproportionate administrative burdens, in particular for small and medium-sized enterprises and micro-enterprises, it is appropriate to set minimum thresholds beyond which to apply the limits imposed by quotas for the sale of fluorinated gases; (result: Article 15-19 of Regulation 517/2014/EU).

IMPORTANT: the EU 517-2014 Regulation (as also repealed by EC 842/2006) also defines fluoride gas as a mixture of a fluid (gaseous) consisting of two or more substances, at least one of which is a substance listed in Annex I. By the same regulation, global warming potential or GWP is defined as the potential for climate warming of a greenhouse gases in relation to carbon dioxide (CO2), calculated in terms of heating potential in 100 years of one kilogram of greenhouse gases in relation to one kilogram of CO2 referred to in Annexes I, II and IV or, in the case of mixtures, calculated in accordance with Annex IV; is defined as tonnes of CO2 equivalent, the amount of greenhouse gases expressed as the product of the weight of greenhouse gases in metric tonnes and their global warming potential. With reference to the quantitative limits of gas over which periodic maintenance checks and operator registers for fluorinated gas appliances are required, the values of values should be compared with EC Regulation 842/2006: the limit of 3 kg of fluorinated gas becomes 5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent that for Gas for industrial use with R407c (fluorinated gas mixture) of interest for this publication is approximately 2.8 kilograms. Article 4 of Regulation 517-2014 defines the other limits by means of the new measure, tonnes of CO2 equivalent: hermetically sealed equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases in quantities of less than 10 tonnes of CO2 equivalent is not subject to losses laid down in the same article provided that the equipment is labeled as sealed. The imitations of Article 3 of EC Regulation 842/2006 change as follows: 3 kg becomes 5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent, 30 Kg of gas becomes 50 tonnes of CO2 equivalent, 300 Kg of gas becomes 500 tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Article 4 (3), (article 3, paragraph 4) of Regulation 517-2014.

6 - APPENDIX: Indirect Effects of a Restrictive Legislative Framework. In the nineteenth century, refrigeration industry had an economic revolution, resulting in massive production of refrigeration appliances, refrigerators. The same has happened over the last decades for refrigerants in indoor environments, fixed refrigerating systems, for air. Excessive production in the first phase leads to a cost-effective reduction, enabling to all bands of workers to purchase a refrigerator and, or even purchase an air treatment appliance. It then causes uncontrolled waste of resources when considering the damaging aspect of the market that through the utility of innovation tends to replicate the same products to workers (little different, same functions) at affordable costs, causing accumulation of apparatuses actually replaced by little useful needs but only for economic convenience, design and other factors that while finding their utility in the context of excessive waste of planet's primary resources become lesser factors (color, shape of the door opening door handle of the fridge, shape more innovative than the indoor unit of the air handling system). A restrictive legislative framework beyond the primary objectives for which it is defined, causing indirectly often less visible effects such as the complexity of production and hence the reduction of production without control over batches, the establishment of only highly specialized manufacturers companies, the inevitable increase of in costs that reduces the repurchase by consumers (workers) of a new equipment to replace the existing only for design or for futile innovative features (little useful).

ATTACHMENTS: REGULATION (EC) No 842/2006, fluorinated gases | Application EC, Protocol of Kyoto | REGULATION (EC) No 1516/2007, losses stationary refrugeration | REGULATION (EC) No 1497/2007, losses fire protection systems | 67/548/EEC, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances | DIRECTIVE 1999/45/EC, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations |REGULATION (EC) No 1494/2007, form and requirem labelling | REGULATION (EC) No 303/2008, Professional certifications | REGULATION (EU) 2015/2067, Professional certifications | REGULATION (EC) No 304/2008, requirements certification | Regulation EC No 305/2008, certification of personnel |Regulation EC n 306/2008, certification of personnel | Regulation EC No 307/2008, attestations personnel | Regulation EC No 308/2008, training programmes | REGULATION (EC) No 1493/2007, report producers | DIRECTIVE 2006/40/EC, conditioning motor vehicles | DIRECTIVE 2008/99/EC, protection through criminal law | Regulation EU 517-2014, repealing the No 842/2006 |